Short answer
Can I do SEO myself for free?
Yes. Everything you need to find and fix what holds a site back is available free: a crawler to find the faults, Google Search Console for what people searched and which pages are indexed, PageSpeed Insights for speed, and Google's own testing tools for structured data. The cost is your time.
Paid SEO tools mostly sell data about other sites: who links to your competitors, how many people search for things you do not rank for yet, and where you sit day by day. Useful, and not where a small site starts.
The free toolkit
- Google Search Console. The queries people used to find you, clicks and impressions per page, which pages Google has indexed and why the others are not. Nothing else gives you this, at any price.
- Bing Webmaster Tools. The same for Bing, which also powers other search products. It can import your Search Console setup in a few clicks.
- A site crawler. The one here crawls up to 5,000 pages with no account, lists every fault by URL, writes a fix plan, and lets you download the whole crawl as a database.
- Single-question checks that need no crawl: robots.txt tester, XML sitemap validator, Redirect chain checker, Hreflang checker, Title and meta description length checker, Canonical tag checker, Image alt text auditor.
- PageSpeed Insights. A lab test of one page plus, for busier sites, how fast it was for real visitors.
- Rich Results Test. Whether the structured data on a page is valid and what it makes the page eligible for.
- Google Business Profile. If you serve customers in a place, this is the most valuable free listing there is.
- Backlink data, within limits. Search Console's Links report lists the sites linking to you. Ahrefs offers free webmaster tools for sites you verify, and every report here shows the site's Ahrefs Domain Rating.
A first week of free SEO
An hour a day, in this order:
- Baseline. Scan the site, verify it in Search Console and submit your sitemap. Write down the score and the clicks for the last three months.
- Indexability. Open the scan's Indexability and Robots directives checks. A page you want found that says
noindexoutranks everything else on this list. - Broken links and redirects. Fix every internal link that leads to an error, and point links at the final address rather than through a redirect.
- Titles on the pages that matter. In Search Console, sort pages by impressions. Rewrite the titles and meta descriptions of the top ten so they say what the page is in the searcher's words.
- Openings. On those same pages, make the first paragraph answer the question the page is for.
- Internal links. Find pages with few or no links pointing at them, and link to them from your busiest pages.
- Re-scan. Compare with the baseline, then put the domain on a monthly schedule (free with an account).
What paid SEO tools actually add
It is worth being precise, because the free tools cover more than their reputation suggests.
- Backlink indexes. Who links to any site, including your competitors. This is the main thing Ahrefs, Semrush and Majestic sell.
- Search volumes for queries you do not appear for yet, so you can choose what to write next.
- Rank tracking by day, by location and by device. Search Console gives you average position, which is enough for most sites.
- Bigger crawls and JavaScript rendering for sites past a few thousand pages or built to render in the browser.
If you are not going to act on competitor data this month, you do not need to pay for it this month.
What is not free
Your time, mostly, and content. A page good enough to deserve a ranking takes hours to write well, and nothing replaces that. Links take patience. And there are services that charge for things you can do in an afternoon, such as “submitting your site to search engines”, which is a sitemap entry in Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools.
Questions people ask
- Is free SEO as good as paid SEO?
- The work is the same work; what you pay for is someone else's time or someone else's data. A page with a clear title, a direct answer and a few good links ranks the same whether the tool that found its faults was free or not. Paid tools earn their price on large sites and in competitive markets, where data about competitors changes what you do.
- Can I get backlinks for free?
- Yes, and they are the only kind worth having. You earn them by publishing something people want to point at (original numbers, a useful tool, a clear explanation of something your trade knows) and by telling the specific people who would care. Paid link packages are the one purchase in SEO that reliably makes things worse.
- What is the catch with the free crawler here?
- Two things to know. Every finished scan gets a public summary page (the score, the counts, one line per check), which is how the site is found; the row-level detail stays on your private link, and a site owner can verify ownership and unlist it. And the site's one paid product is a website plan that rebuilds a site and applies the fixes for you. The scan limits are the same for everybody, with or without an account.
- How do I do keyword research for free?
- Start with Search Console's queries report: the searches you already appear for, with impressions and position. Then look at what Google suggests as you type, the “People also ask” questions and the related searches at the bottom of a results page. Google's Keyword Planner is free with an Ads account and gives volume ranges. Exact volumes for queries you do not rank for yet are the thing you would pay for.
Run the free crawl
Read next
- The DIY SEO guide — the whole job, step by step, in the order it pays off.
- What is the 80/20 rule in SEO? — the few pages, queries and fixes that carry most of the result, and how to find yours.
- Is SEO dead now with AI? — what AI answers changed, what they did not, and what to do differently.
- Can ChatGPT do SEO? — the parts it does well, the parts it cannot see, and how to give it facts.